Organelles
Review
1. What is the
difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?
2. Organelle means
"little organ." How are organelles similar to organs?
3. Why is it important
for the cell membrane to be selectively permeable?
4. If a tiny hole is
made in a cell membrane, it usually seals itself immediately. What properties
of the membrane allow this to occur?
5. All large organisms
have cells with organelles. What advantage do organelles give the cell?
6. The cell requires
instructions in order to function correctly; where are these instructions
found?
7. Where would you
expect to find more amyloplasts, in a potato tuber or a potato leaf? Explain.
8. Describe the
characteristic of mitochondria that makes them well suited to their role in the
cell.
9. What is the function
of the ER?
10. Describe the
function of the Golgi apparatus.
11. Why is it not
accurate to refer to lysosomes as "suicide sacs" as in Fig. 1.19 of
the text?
12. What is the function
of the chloroplast?
13. What gives plants
their green color?
14. What is the function
of the ribosome?
15. By comparing a bee's
body mass to its wing span, it has been calculated that a bee should not be
able to fly. Cell biologists have since found that the muscles which control
the wings of the bee have a huge number of mitochondria. Explain why this
discovery may help explain why bees are able to fly.
16. Cells of the stomach
lining have large numbers of ribosomes and Golgi. Explain.
17. A Biology 11 student
has observed an amoeba and made a drawing. You are marking the drawing and
notice that he has drawn in a chloroplast. Do you take marks off or not?
Explain.
18. What is the primary
component of the plant cell wall?
19. How does a cell
membrane differ from a cell wall?
20. The ER is called
"rough" if it has what organelle attached to it?
21. The function of a
centriole is to help
a) digest macromolecules (b) carry out photosynthesis (c) in cell reproduction
(d) in the synthesis of proteins
22. How does a
prokaryotic cell differ from a eukaryotic cell?
23. The cell part that
is not present in animal cells is
a) centriole (b) cell wall (c) cell membrane (d) vacuole
24. Hormones are
chemical messengers that travel throughout the body. Protein hormones attach
themselves to receptors on the cell surface while fat-soluble hormones actually
enter the cell. Account for this difference.
25. Describe the current
model of the cell membrane.
26. How is the form of
the phospholipid crucial to its function?
27. The
most likely place to find DNA in the cell is
a) at the ribosome (b) in the cytoplasm (c) in the nucleus (d) almost anywhere
28. The cell membrane is
composed of
a) nucleic acids and proteins (b) starch and a double layer of protein (c)
sugar and cellulose (d) double layer of phospholipids and protein
29. List the organelles
that are only found in plants. List those found only in animals.
30. What is the
outermost structure of a plant cell?